The text explains Islamic ethics (Akhlaq) as a complete moral system that helps humans move from their innate moral nature (fitra) toward true human flourishing (sa?ada). It argues that morality is not just a set of rules, but a dynamic process that combines reason, conscience, intention, and divine guidance.
Human beings are naturally incomplete and vulnerable, but this weakness pushes them to create meaning, values, and moral responsibility. Over history, humans moved from fear-based explanations of the world (mystery and power) toward moral autonomy and reason, with Islam grounding ethics in the natural moral compass of fitra rather than fear or coercion.
At the center of ethics is the moral personality, where freedom becomes responsibility. Key ethical elements include:
Niyyah (sincere intention),
Taqwa (moral awareness),
Taklif (freedom with accountability),
Conscience, rooted in love and human dignity.
Ethics must also be lived in the world. Humans are stewards (khalifa) entrusted with the world (amanah), responsible for justice, compassion, and care. Moral action turns values into reality and aims at the Highest Good, where personal, social, and spiritual well-being come together.
Justice is the foundation of social life, linking individual conscience with public institutions. The text distinguishes legitimate authority (based on trust and justice) from mere power (based on force). True happiness comes from virtue, not pleasure, through lifelong self-purification (tazkiyat al-nafs).
Overall, Akhlaq is presented as a living moral framework that unites inner character and social justice, offering guidance for modern global challenges and encouraging humans to become responsible moral builders of the world. Author: Prof. Dr. Bejtulla Demiri